自閉症兒童家長自我效能與親職壓力之關係研究

Abstract

本研究旨在了解自閉症兒童家長自我效能與親職壓力之現況，並透過不同背景變項來探討家長自我效能與親職壓力之差異情形，進一步分析自我效能對於親職壓力的相關性與預測力。本研究採用問卷調查法，以台北市自閉症家長協會的自閉症兒童家長為研究對象，施以「自我效能量表」及「親職壓力量表」，共回收50份有效問卷。所得資料透過統計軟體IBM SPSS Statistics 23進行描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關以及多元逐步迴歸分析，本研究結果之主要發現如下：一、自閉症兒童家長整體自我效能表現較高。二、自閉症兒童家長自我效能與親職壓力在部分背景變項上呈現顯著差異。（一）大學以上學歷之家長其親職壓力顯著高於大學（含）以下學歷之家長。（二）育有小學階段自閉症兒童之家長，在「父母困擾」構面之親職壓力顯著高於育有學齡前兒童之家長。（三）居住於桃園市、新竹市及新竹縣之家長，其親職壓力顯著高於新北市之家長。三、自閉症兒童家長自我效能與親職壓力之間存在中度至高度的負相關。四、自閉症兒童家長自我效能對親職壓力具顯著預測力。This study aims to investigate the current status of self-efficacy and parenting stress of parents of Autistic children, to explore parents’ differences existing in their background variables, further to explore the correlation as well as the prediction credibility between self-efficacy and parenting stress. A questionnaire survey is conducted to the members of Taipei Autism Parents Association. This survey collects 50 valid responses by employing"Self-Efficacy Scale" and the "Parenting Stress Scale". The data are analyzed through IBM SPSS Statistics 23, descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple stepwise regression. Finally the key findings of this study results are listed as follows: 1.Overall, parents of Autistic children report a relatively high level of self-efficacy. 2.Significant parents’ differences of self-efficacy and parenting stress, relating to their background variables, are found as below.(1)Parents with an above college degree carry significantly higher parenting stress than parents with a college or lower degree.(2)Parents of elementary school students carry higher parenting distress than parents of Preschool children.(3)Parents residing in Taoyuan City, Hsinchu City and Hsinchu County obviously carry higher parenting stress than parents living in New Taipei City.3.Negative correlation (from moderate to strong) is found between self-efficacy and parenting stress.4.Parental self-efficacy is disclosed as a significant predictor of parenting stress.