日本因應中共擴大太平洋島國影響力之外交政策研究

Abstract

日本自太平洋島國陸續獨立後，遂透過政府開發援助及區域組織與太平洋島國建立有效的合作和對話機制。鑒於中共憑藉著經濟實力崛起及積極發展海權的思維，尤其在2015年將太平洋島國納入「一帶一路」框架的南線範圍，以強化對太平洋島國區域的外交攻勢，使太平洋島國在經濟、外交、安全層面的戰略價值備受關注，也影響了區域既有秩序的穩定。本文以權力平衡的概念，分析日本採取平衡戰略的內部及外部途徑，內部建立跨省廳的國防、開發協力等機制，而外部則與美國、澳洲、紐西蘭等國展開合作，對太平洋島國的政策方向及內容進行調整及規劃。筆者認為，相較於傳統經濟援助，日本將著重於制定安保層面政策；而面臨氣候變遷等威脅的太平洋島國，將更重視日本在永續發展的開發協力政策。

Since the independence of Pacific Island countries, Japan has endeavored to establish effective cooperation and dialogue mechanisms through official development assistance and regional organizations. As the People’s Republic of China has risen on the strength of its economic power and is actively developing its maritime power, much attention was laid upon Pacific Island countries’ strategic value in terms of economy, diplomacy, and security that indirectly affected the stability of the existing order in the region. In particular, in 2015 China included Pacific Island countries in the southern scope of the “Belt and Road” framework to strengthen its diplomatic offensive in the Pacific Island region. The thesis uses the balance of power theory to analyze internal and external approaches to Japan’s policy in adopting a balancing strategy. Internally, Japan has established cross-departmental defense and development cooperation mechanisms. Externally it has cooperated with the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and other countries to adjust and plan the policy direction and content for Pacific Island countries. According to the analysis, Japan will focus on formulating security policies compared to traditional economic aid. On the other hand, facing threats such as climate change, Pacific Island countries will pay more attention to Japan’s development cooperation policy for sustainable development.