後冷戰時期中國對哈薩克政策

Abstract

1991年隨著蘇聯解體，哈薩克正式宣告獨立，成為中亞地區面積最大、資源最豐富的國家，其地緣政治與戰略地位日益受到國際關注。中亞局勢變化下，中國加強與哈薩克的多層次合作。本研究分析後冷戰時期中國對哈薩克政策的發展，聚焦於經濟、安全與外交等關鍵領域的互動。透過進攻性現實主義視角，分析中國如何藉由能源投資、基礎建設與外交擴展其區域影響力。研究指出，蘇聯解體後的權力真空逐漸由中國與俄羅斯填補。中國將哈薩克打造成通往歐洲的樞紐，並視其為重要的石油供應國。中國在當地影響力的迅速擴張，引發哈薩克社會的反感情緒與族群之間的緊張關係。本文亦剖析哈薩克在中俄之間的外交平衡策略，揭示中哈關係所面臨的挑戰。

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Kazakhstan declared its independence and became the largest and most resource-rich country in Central Asia. Its geopolitical and strategic significance has drawn increasing international attention. In response to changing regional dynamics, China has strengthened its multi-level cooperation with Kazakhstan. This thesis examines the development of China’s policy toward Kazakhstan in the post–Cold War period, focusing on key interactions in the fields of economy, security, and diplomacy. Using the theoretical framework of offensive realism, the study analyses how China has expanded its regional influence through energy investment, infrastructure development, and diplomatic engagement. The research finds that the power vacuum left by the collapse of the Soviet Union has gradually been filled by both China and Russia. China has positioned Kazakhstan as a strategic hub for access to European markets and as a crucial oil supplier. The rapid expansion of China's influence has triggered public resentment and interethnic tensions within Kazakh society. This study also investigates Kazakhstan’s diplomatic balancing strategy between China and Russia, shedding light on the challenges facing China–Kazakhstan relations.