璀璨聖光之意象：在公東教堂中的重現

Abstract

本論文探討光線在塑造公東教堂（Saint Joseph’s Chapel）宗教空間經驗中的關鍵角色。該教堂由瑞士建築師賈斯特斯‧達興登（Justus Dahinden, 1925–2020）設計，建於1960年代初，位於臺灣臺東的公東高級工業職業學校（Saint Joseph’s Technical Senior High School），是東亞地區少見的現代主義天主教建築實例之一，亦反映出當時禮儀改革與文化轉型的時代背景。研究結合建築理論、圖像分析與現地觀察，分析賈斯特斯‧達興登如何透過自然光與人工照明營造出專注、親密與沉思的靈性氛圍。特別著重於瑞士藝術家艾伯特‧威德爾 （Albert Wider，1910–85）所設計的彩繪玻璃苦路十四景（stations of the cross）與禮儀聖器，這些元素強化了整體的宗教象徵性。論文亦將聖若瑟禮拜堂與歐洲同期的教堂建築進行比較，特別是勒‧柯比意（Le Corbusier，1887–1965） 在廊香教堂（Notre-Dame-du-Haut in Ronchamp，1950–55）和拉圖雷特修道院（Sainte Marie de La Tourette，1953–60）的作品，藉此探討賈斯特斯‧達興登如何將現代主義建築理念轉化並融入台灣的文化與環境脈絡中。最終，本研究提出一套理解光線作為現代宗教建築中象徵性與空間性語彙的方法論。Saint Joseph’s Chapel at Kung-Tung Technical Senior High School (KTHS, 私立公東高級工業職業學校) in downtown Taitung is one of the early masterpieces of modernist architecture in postwar Taiwan, designed by Swiss architect Justus Dahinden (1925–2020) for the Bethlehem Mission Society (Societas Missionaria de Bethlehem; SBM, 白冷會). This thesis investigates the role of light in shaping sacred experience in Saint Joseph’s Chapel. Completed in 1960, the chapel stands as a unique example of modernist Catholic architecture in East Asia, created during a period of liturgical reform and cultural transition. Drawing on architectural theory, iconographic analysis, and site observation, the study explores how Dahinden’s use of both natural and artificial light creates a sense of spiritual focus, intimacy, and contemplation within the chapel.Special attention is given to the stained-glass windows and liturgical furnishings by Swiss artist Albert Wider, whose visual language enhances the sacred atmosphere. The thesis also places the chapel in conversation with contemporary European church architecture, particularly the works of Le Corbusier (1887–1965) at Ronchamp (1950–55) and La Tourette (1953–60), to show how Dahinden adapted modernist principles to the cultural and environmental context of Taiwan. Ultimately, this study offers a framework for understanding light as both a symbolic and spatial element in modern sacred architecture.