台灣政治犯救援結構之分析（1950-1980年代初）

Abstract

中華民國在台灣形塑出的白色恐怖，製造了許多政治犯，這些政治犯因著思想或行動與政府不同而身陷囹圄，陷入家庭破碎、甚至難保性命的慘況，在這樣強勢的政治壓迫之下，台灣島內開始出現了政治救援者，他們利用多元的方式，試圖影響決策者，為政治犯開闢一線生機。本文即是以對「政治犯」的「救援行動」為研究對象，探討八件不同時代背景、不同內容、不同身份的政治犯，他們所獲得的政治救援能量有何異同？並以「水流」的意象比擬之，將「救援行動」的內涵細分為「上游救援發動者」、「中游救援傳遞者」、「下游救援匯聚者」，以此進行救援結構的分析。1950年代至1960年代國際局勢是影響救援行動的重要因素，不過政治犯本身的人脈也相當關鍵，隨著彭明敏案的救援行動發生後，救援者意識到海外的行動相對可行，因此救援類型從「島內救援」，轉為「從海外透過島內協力」、「海外直接介入」。1970年代，「暴力」的政治案件頻傳，這些被貼上「暴力」標籤的政治犯，能否獲得國際人權團體的協助？確實與暴力行為的認定息息相關，在政治救援行動進行了二十多年後，救援者亦知曉救援行動「即時」的重要性，因而在1979年的美麗島事件後，可以觀察到在審判前積極救援的樣貌。在每一次的救援行動中，都有許多人和團體的參與、協力，這些人與行動聚沙成塔、滴水穿石，終是帶來了超過救援政治犯的能量，將台灣推向民主化之路。The White Terror shaped by the Republic of China in Taiwan created many political prisoners. These political prisoners were imprisoned for their thoughts or actions that differed from the government. They were in a terrible situation of broken families and even lost lives. Under such strong political oppression, rescuers of political prisoners began to appear in Taiwan. They used diverse methods to try to influence decision-makers.This article focuses on the"rescue actions" of political prisoners. By exploring eight political prisoners cases with different backgrounds, different contents, and different identities in different eras, I try to understand what are the similarities and differences in the political rescue energy they have obtained. In this article, I use the image of "stream" as a metaphor, and divide the connotation of "rescue action" into "upstream: rescue initiators", "midstream: rescue transmitters", and "downstream: rescue aggregators" to analyze the rescue structure. The international situation in the 1950s and 1960s was an important factor affecting rescue actions, but the personal connections of the political prisoners themselves were also very critical. With the rescue action of the Peng Mingmin case, the rescuers realized that overseas actions were relatively feasible. Therefore, the rescue type changed from "domestic rescue" to "overseas through domestic cooperation" and "overseas direct intervention". In the 1970s,"violent" political cases occurred frequently. Whether these political prisoners who were labeled "violent" could get the help of international human rights groups was indeed closely related to the recognition of violent behavior. After more than 20 years of political rescue actions, the rescuers also knew the importance of the "immediate" rescue action, so after the 1979 Kaohsiung Incident, it can be observed that they actively rescued before the trial. In every rescue action, there are many people and groups participating and cooperating. These people and actions make a little become a lot, and finally even bring more energy to push Taiwan onto the road to democratization.