運用計畫行為理論探討大學生結婚行為意向

Abstract

本研究旨在運用計畫行為理論（Theory of Planned Behavior, TPB）探討影響大學生結婚行為意向之相關因素。研究目的包括瞭解大學生的結婚行為意向，分析態度、主觀規範與知覺行為控制等構念與其子信念的關係，並進一步檢驗背景變項對結婚意向的影響。研究方法採用兩階段設計，首先透過開放式問卷篩選出大學生對婚姻之顯著信念，進一步發展成結構式問卷，針對臺北市與新北市共450名大學生進行施測。資料分析方法包括Pearson相關分析、多元迴歸分析及結構方程模型（SEM）驗證。研究結果顯示，態度、主觀規範與知覺行為控制皆與結婚行為意向呈顯著正相關，其中以態度對結婚行為意向的預測力最強。此外，性別、是否具有交往經驗等背景因素亦顯著影響大學生的結婚行為意向。進一步比較具有與不具有結婚行為意向的大學生之信念差異發現，有結婚行為意向的學生較認同婚姻能帶來幸福感及歸屬感，且更受父母期望所影響，並相信「遇見合適對象」與「經濟穩定」有助於婚姻的可行性；而無結婚行為意向者則多認為婚姻限制個人自由或增加負擔。研究結論指出，大學生對婚姻的態度及其背後的信念結構是影響結婚行為意向的重要因素。本研究建議透過教育介入計畫，協助年輕世代反思婚姻的意義，培養正向的婚姻態度及提升相關行為準備度，提供未來婚姻相關課程設計與政策發展之實證參考。This study aimed to explore the factors influencing university students’ intention to marry, using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as the theoretical framework. The objectives included examining students’ marriage intentions, analyzing the relationships between TPB constructs—attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control—and their corresponding beliefs, as well as investigating the impact of background variables on marriage intention.A two-stage research design was adopted. First, an open-ended questionnaire was used to identify salient beliefs about marriage among university students. These beliefs were then used to construct a structured questionnaire, which was administered to 450 students from universities in Taipei and New Taipei City. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and structural equation modeling (SEM).The results showed that attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control were all significantly and positively associated with marriage intention, with attitude being the strongest predictor. In addition, background variables such as gender and relationship experience significantly influenced students’ intention to marry. A further comparison between students with and without marriage intention revealed distinct belief patterns. Those with a stronger intention to marry were more likely to agree that marriage brings happiness and a sense of belonging, were more influenced by parental expectations, and believed that “meeting the right person” and “financial stability” enhance the feasibility of marriage. In contrast, students without marriage intention were more likely to perceive marriage as a restriction on personal freedom or as an added burden.In conclusion, students’ attitudes toward marriage and their underlying belief structures play a crucial role in shaping their behavioral intentions. This study recommends the development of educational interventions that encourage young adults to reflect on the meaning of marriage, foster more positive attitudes, and enhance their behavioral readiness, thereby providing empirical references for future marriage-related curriculum design and policy development.