臺灣現代登山書寫(1949-2024)研究

Abstract

本研究擬以「臺灣現代登山書寫」為主軸，探究戰後臺灣登山書寫的發展脈絡，登山書寫如何在社會脈動、外部環境中，開展不同階段的時代性特色，又反映出書寫者與山岳空間的關係和互動，如何呈現多元的登山意義與價值，並針對女性登山書寫、山岳地景書寫進行專題探討，延伸出性別身體、山岳意象等值得深究的面向，就文本的分析與耙梳觀照臺灣現代登山書寫的發展。本論文將臺灣現代登山書寫分為兩個階段，分別是1949-2001年、2002- 2024年。戰後政府實施山區管制，人民與山岳的關係是疏離的，1980年代臺灣登山書寫走向學術化，以古道調查、區域探勘深度了解山岳的人文、生態與地質等，同時海外攀登盛行，以遊記為主題的紀實文本記錄海外遠征的冒險歷程。2000年以後，登山普及化，登山者將海外攀登習得的經驗與知識帶進臺灣，推動登山教育，並探究登山與生命之尋覓。不同背景經歷的作家以書信體、報導書寫和抒情等形成多元的登山書寫形式；生態研究者結合登山行旅和學術研究，從生態的眼光認識高山；高山職業工作者，即巡山員、高山嚮導，書寫其工作內容，掌握一般人難以接觸的高山面貌。就山岳地景來看，臺灣歷經日治、國民政府的政權轉移，可見山岳空間存在著權力、意識型態的支配；通過玉山書寫凝聚土地、民族認同，山岳成為文化運用的符碼，玉山成為精神象徵，形塑新的臺灣文化價值。

This study focuses on “modern mountaineering writing in Taiwan” as its central theme, exploring the development of mountaineering literature in post-war Taiwan. It examines how mountaineering writing evolves across different time periods in response to societal dynamics and external environments, reflecting the relationship and interactions between writers and mountain spaces. The study aims to highlight the diverse meanings and values associated with mountaineering, with a particular emphasis on women’s mountaineering writing and mountain landscape writing. It further delves into topics such as gendered bodies, mountain imagery, and other significant aspects worthy of in-depth investigation. Through textual analysis, this research seeks to trace and interpret the progression of modern mountaineering writing in Taiwan.This thesis divides modern mountaineering writing in Taiwan into two phases: 1949 to 2001 and 2002 to 2024. After the war, government-enforced mountain restrictions alienated people from the mountains. In the 1980s, mountaineering writing in Taiwan became increasingly academic, focusing on ancient trail surveys and regional explorations to deepen understanding of the mountains’ humanities, ecology, and geology. At the same time, overseas climbing gained popularity, with travelogues documenting the adventures of international expeditions. After 2000, mountaineering grew more popular, and mountaineers brought back experiences and knowledge from overseas climbs, contributing to the promotion of mountaineering education and the exploration of existential meaning through mountaineering. Writers from diverse backgrounds and experiences enriched mountaineering literature, using forms such as letters, reportage, and lyrical prose. Ecological researchers integrated mountaineering journeys with academic studies, offering ecological perspectives on mountains. Additionally, alpine professionals like rangers and guides documented their work, revealing aspects of mountain environments typically inaccessible to the general public. From the perspective of mountain landscapes, Taiwan’s history of Japanese rule and the subsequent Nationalist government era reveal power dynamics and ideological control embedded within mountain spaces. The writing centered on Jade Mountain has served to unify land and national identity, transforming the mountain into a symbol of cultural significance. Over time, Jade Mountain has become a spiritual emblem, shaping new cultural values in Taiwan.