Ivan Illich非學校化社會觀及其在學校學習空間之應用

Abstract

Illich於1971年出版的《非學校化社會》（Deschooling Society）一書中，提出了學校體制存在問題，認為學校教育使人們過度依賴文憑，形成對制度的依賴，而非真正自主學習。因而Illich提出「學習網絡」（learning webs）的概念，主張學習應該是自主且多樣化的，並且可以在學校以外的空間進行。本研究基於Illich的非學校化社會觀，試圖在現有的教育制度下，尋求實現非學校化精神的途徑。首先，本研究整理出現今教育政策下的教育圖像，探究Illich非學校化社會的觀點，整理其中之脈絡。在臺灣教育制度中的經歷，觀察到學校教育過於注重課本知識和考試，忽視了學生的自主學習和興趣發展。其次，本研究經由分析現行教育政策及Illich的非學校化社會的觀點，還有2020年的新冠肺炎疫情，去思考如何在學校內實現非學校化的理念。最後，在教育現場中實行行動研究，把對學習空間的想像建構起來。本研究發現，學校在學生的知識獲取、社會化過程和價值觀培養方面具有不可替代的作用，Illich提出的非學校社會觀以及疫情的催化下，學習的方式和場域不斷變化，這讓現代教育有了新的思路。不斷的反思和改進，我們的教育才能夠實現符合學生需求的教育理想。In "Deschooling Society," Ivan Illich critiques the school system, arguing that formal education fosters an over-reliance on diplomas and institutional dependency, which undermines genuine autonomous learning. Illich subsequently proposed the concept of "learning webs," advocating for autonomous, diverse learning opportunities that transcend the traditional school environment. This study builds on Illich's concept of a deschooled society, aiming to explore methods for integrating the principlesof deschooling into the existing educational system.The study first examines the current educational landscape within the framework of existing policies, contextualizing Illich's deschooling perspectives within the Taiwanese education system. It was observed that formal education in Taiwan tends to prioritize textbook knowledge and examinations, often at the expense of students' autonomous learning and interest development. The study further analyzes current educational policies in conjunction with Illich's deschooling perspectives, considering the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 to reflect on the implementation of deschooling ideals within schools. Finally, action research was undertaken to design and implement a model learning environment that aligns with the principles of deschooling.The study concludes that schools remain indispensable for students' knowledge acquisition, socialization, and value formation. Guided by Illich's deschooling perspectives and influenced by the pandemic, learning methods and environments are evolving, offering new insights into modern education. Ongoing reflection and improvement are essential for the educational system to meet students' evolving needs and to realize its educational ideals.