政府贊助下的臺灣漫畫外譯活動

Abstract

2010年代至今，臺灣漫畫在國際版權市場的能見度有所提高，並以日本與法國的授權結果最為豐碩，政府計畫在過程中可說是扮演了關鍵角色。在臺灣政府的各項漫畫支持政策中，文化部的Books From Taiwan計畫負責遴選及推廣具備外譯潛力的臺灣漫畫，對臺灣漫畫外譯活動影響最深，亦是重要的贊助者。因此，本研究以Books From Taiwan自2014年至2021年的選書為對象，先探討政府的贊助策略，隨後蒐集在日、法翻譯出版的臺灣漫畫書單，觀察Books From Taiwan選書的譯介成效與兩國市場出版的臺灣漫畫特徵，以期梳理臺灣漫畫開拓海外市場的可行路線。另外，本研究以小峱峱《守娘》日譯本與游珮芸、周見信《來自清水的孩子》第一冊法譯本為個案研究對象，從故事設計、漫畫圖像與翻譯策略分析其獲得跨文化成功的關鍵。研究結果顯示，Books From Taiwan傾向選入多元題材的作品，亦重視作品的國內外得獎經歷，其選書分別占日本出版臺漫的二成，法國出版臺漫的四成，並成功發掘了臺灣文史漫畫的外譯潛力，顯見此贊助策略確實發揮效果。觀察兩國市場整體傾向，可以發現臺灣文史與BL作品在日本市場數量最多，分占整體四分之一；法國市場對臺灣文史作品亦抱持較高興趣，也兼容各式題材與圖像風格。個案研究則顯示，特殊歷史題材結合普世價值的故事易得到迴響，遵循當地讀者熟悉的漫畫文法可降低閱讀門檻。在翻譯漫畫時，完整呈現與重要議題相關的文化脈絡是一大重點，有效策略包含保留原作中的說明與適時新增譯註。整體而言，臺灣漫畫推動外譯時，若能維持贊助作品的多樣性，從中發掘更多具備成功潛力的作品特點，便可規劃更精準的推廣策略，持續拓展海外出版市場。Since the 2010s, Taiwanese comics have gained greater visibility in the international book rights market, with licensing achievements in Japan and France being particularly notable. Government initiatives have played a central role in this process. Among them, the Ministry of Culture's Books From Taiwan (BFT) program—tasked with selecting and promoting titles with strong translation potential—has been the most influential form of patronage in expanding the international reach of Taiwanese comics. This study analyzes BFT's selections from 2014 to 2021 to examine its patronage strategies and evaluate the outcomes. It compiles a list of Taiwanese comics translated and published in Japan and France, identifies market preferences, aiming to outline viable approaches for expanding the overseas market presence of Taiwanese comics. Two case studies—Nownow's Tan-Tsiu-Niu (Japanese edition) and Yu Peiyun & Zhou Jianxin's Son of Formosa Vol. 1 (French edition)—further investigate how narrative design, visual style, and translation strategies contribute to cross-cultural success. The findings show that BFT favors thematically diverse works and prioritizes titles with notable award records. Its selections represent 20% of Taiwanese comics published in Japan and 40% in France, successfully elevating the export potential of works rooted in Taiwanese history and culture. Analysis of the collected book lists indicates that in Japan, historical/cultural works and BL titles each constitute about one-quarter of Taiwanese publications, while in France, historical/cultural works enjoy similar appeal, accompanied by an openness to varied genres and artistic styles. Case studies reveal that combining distinctive historical settings with universal values can enhance resonance, and that employing visual narrative conventions familiar to local readers reduces difficulties in the reading process. For comic translation, fully conveying the cultural context of key themes is essential; effective methods include retaining explanatory elements from the original and strategically adding translator's notes. Overall, maintaining diversity in works chosen for promotion enables broader access to overseas markets. By identifying more features associated with success and developing more targeted promotional strategies, Taiwanese comics can continue strengthening their presence in the global market.