大臺北地區中高齡及高齡居民退休準備與生活適應之相關性研究

Abstract

此研究旨在探討大臺北地區退休者對退休準備與生活適應之相關性。本研究採用量化問卷調查法，對象以我國「中高齡者及高齡者就業促進法」定義之45歲以上台北市、新北市及基隆市之退休居民，共取得439份有效問卷，再以SPSS統計軟體進行相關分析做資料處理，得到相關結論如下：一、「退休準備」與「生活適應」之間皆存在顯著正相關。二、退休準備中的「心理調適」與「社會參與」對應生活適應中的「心理適應」與「社 會適應」之影響呈高度相關。三、退休準備以「休閒娛樂」與「健康保健」表現積極，「經濟安全」表現較弱。四、生活適應以「心理適應」與「社會適應」表現最佳，且家庭支持是關鍵。五、個人背景以(現居地、經濟、健康、居住)對「心理調適」、「社會參與」及「心理適應」與「社會適應」具有顯著差異性。六、個人背景以「經濟狀況」與「健康狀況」對整體生活適應最具顯著差異。基於以上結論，提早做好財務規劃與健康維持能有效提升退休後的生活適應與滿意度，並有好的心理建設及多參與社會活動，以協助退休者順利過渡至新生活階段。This study aims to explore the relationship between retirement preparation and life adaptation among retirees in the Greater Taipei area. A quantitative questionnaire survey was conducted, targeting retired residents aged 45 and above in Taipei City, New Taipei City, and Keelung City, as defined by the “Middle-aged and Elderly Employment Promotion Act.” A total of 439 valid responses were collected and analyzed using SPSS statistical software. The findings are as follows:1. A significant positive correlation exists between retirement preparation and life adaptation.2. Among retirement preparation dimensions, “psychological adjustment” and “social participation” show the strongest correlation with “psychological adaptation” and “social adaptation” in life adaptation.3. “Leisure and recreation” and “health care” demonstrated stronger performance in retirement preparation, whereas “economic security” was relatively weaker.4. In terms of life adaptation, “psychological adaptation” and “social adaptation” were the strongest, with family support playing a crucial role.5. Personal background variables (residence, economic condition, health status, and living arrangement) revealed significant differences in “psychological adjustment,” “social participation,” “psychological adaptation,” and “social adaptation.”6.Economic and health conditions were found to be the most significant factors influencing overall life adaptation.In conclusion, early retirement preparation can effectively enhance post-retirement life adaptation and satisfaction. It is recommended to strengthen financial planning and psychological readiness, as well as promote diverse opportunities for leisure and social participation, to help retirees transition smoothly into a new stage of life.