應用參與式地理資訊系統探討爭議性海洋社會價值：以彰化離岸風力發電區為例

Abstract

濱海與海岸開發利用在許多國家都是具有爭議性的議題，不同的利害關係人對海洋資源使用存在不同的想像與理解，為迎合淨零減排的目標，離岸風力發電機的開發加深這些爭議性海景的可議性。本研究以彰化海域為案例，探討離岸風力發電開發對當地資源使用者的影響，評估其社會價值分布與生態系統服務的變化。本研究採用公眾參與地理資訊系統（PPGIS）蒐集社會價值數據，透過滾雪球採樣方式，搜集25位受訪者資料，包含當地漁民、養殖業者及其他資源使用者等，請他們標註所重視的海域範圍，並透過社會價值模式（SolVES）進行空間分析，以量化不同使用者群體對海域的社會價值偏好。本研究同時透過訪談與文獻分析，綜合評估風力發電開發對沿海漁業、生態環境及地方社會的影響。研究結果顯示，離岸風電規劃區域與近海漁業資源高度重疊，導致部分漁業作業區受限。SolVES 分析結果指出，當地使用者對海域的社會價值認知存在顯著差異，沿海漁業者主要關注生計與傳統漁撈權益，政府與開發商則強調能源轉型與經濟發展，顯示雙方價值觀不對稱，與在空間認知上的差異。本研究透過空間分析與社會調查，提供量化數據與在地觀點，以作為未來離岸風電規劃與政策調整的重要參考，期望促進地方利益相關者與政府間有效溝通，實現永續能源發展與在地經濟的平衡。Coastal and marine development is a contentious issue in many countries, as different stakeholders hold diverse perceptions and understandings of how marine resources should be utilized. The development of offshore wind turbines, aimed atachieving net-zero emissions, has intensified the contestability of these already controversial seascapes. This study uses the Changhua coastal of, Taiwan, as a case study toexamine the impacts of offshore wind power development on local resource users, evaluating shifts in the distribution of social values and ecosystem services.The research employs Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) to collect data on localresource users’ social values. Using a snowball sampling method, this study collecteddata from 25 interviewees including local fishers, aquaculture operators, and other resource users. In addition to semi-structured interviews, the interviewees were invited tomap the areas of the sea they value most for various functions. Spatial analysis was thenconducted using the Social Values for Ecosystem Services (SolVES) model to quantifythe preferences of different user groups for various marine areas. In addition, interviewsand literature reviews were conducted to assist in assessing the impacts of wind powerdevelopment on coastal fisheries, ecological environments, and local communities. Thefindings reveal a high degree of overlap between offshore wind power planning zonesand nearshore fishery resources, restricting access to some fishing grounds. SolVESanalysis shows significant discrepancies in how different resource users perceive thesocial value of the marine areas. Coastal fishers are primarily concerned with their livelihoods and traditional fishing rights in the seascapes, while government and developersemphasize energy transition and economic development—highlighting a misalignmentin value systems over the space. By integrating spatial analysis and social research, thisstudy provides both quantitative data and local perspectives to inform future offshoreiii wind power planning and policy adjustments. It aims to foster more effective commu nication between local stakeholders and the development authorities, striving to achieve a balance between sustainable energy development and local economic interests.