國際航線飛行員疲勞管理與健康維持策略之探討

Abstract

本研究旨在探討國際航線飛行員疲勞管理與健康維持經驗及制度環境，並提出主管機關與航空公司可採行之強化管理方式。研究採用質性研究法中的深度訪談法，立意抽樣六位現職不同機種類型、年資均超過十年以上的國際航線飛行員進行個別訪談，以蒐集飛行員對於疲勞來源、健康維持及組織支持的主觀經驗與具體實踐。飛行員疲勞來源多元且具累積性風險，包含跨時區飛行、紅眼航班、班表密集及外站住宿品質不佳，若未妥善處理將影響飛航安全，且單靠飛行員個人自律與調適策略以應對不穩定的飛航任務節奏並不足夠，需依賴組織制度在排班彈性、外站安排及完善疲勞通報系統方面給予支持。飛行員心理調適與家庭支持為隱性關鍵，家庭角色付出、親子關係維繫、社交時間不足等壓力若未妥善處理，可能導致心理疲勞與職涯倦怠，且長程多航段航班疲勞風險顯著較高，應依航線特性設計差異化排班模式、提升執勤人員比例、強化休息設施，以建構更科學與人性化的疲勞管理架構。主管機關應制定國內疲勞管理標準指引，並監督評鑑健康政策執行成效；航空公司應建立與落實疲勞風險管理制度，建構合理化排班系統與外站休息條件，推動全面性健康促進計畫以及家庭支持機制；飛行員則應建立自我健康管理意識，發展心理調適能力，並尋求家庭與社交支持。

This study investigates the experiences of international flight pilots in managing fatigue and maintaining health, as well as the institutional environment surrounding these practices. The aim was to propose strategies for regulatory authorities and airlines to strengthen their management approaches. Employing a qualitative research design, the study utilized in-depth interviews with six currently active international pilots, each with over ten years of flying experience and operating different types of aircraft. Through purposive sampling, the research collected detailed accounts of pilots' subjective experiences regarding sources of fatigue, health maintenance practices, and organizational support. Pilot fatigue arises from multiple, cumulative risk factors which includes trans-meridian flights, red-eye operations, densely scheduled rosters, and suboptimal layover accommodations. If not properly managed, these factors may pose serious threats to flight safety. Relying solely on individual discipline and personal coping strategies is insufficient to address the irregular and demanding nature of international flight duties. Institutional mechanisms are therefore critical, particularly in enhancing schedule flexibility, improving layover arrangements, and establishing robust fatigue reporting systems. Psychological adjustment and family support were identified as latent yet essential components of effective fatigue and health management. Stressors such as familial obligations, difficulties in maintaining parent–child relationships, and limited opportunities for social interaction, if left unresolved, may contribute to psychological fatigue and professional burnout. The risk of fatigue is especially pronounced on long-haul, multi-leg flights, underscoring the need for route-specific rostering models, increased crew staffing ratios, and improved rest facilities. A more scientific and human-centered fatigue management framework is thus recommended. The study suggests that regulatory authorities should establish national fatigue management guidelines and monitor the effectiveness of health policies. Airlines should develop and implement fatigue risk management systems, design reasonable scheduling systems, improve foreign station rest conditions, promote comprehensive health promotion programs, and support family mechanisms. Pilots, in turn, should establish self-health management awareness, develop psychological adjustment skills, and seek family and social support.