大專排球選手知覺教練賦權與削權動機氣候對害怕失敗的預測--以心理安全為中介

Abstract

在排球運動中，教練與選手間的關係非常密切，教練所塑造的團隊氣氛將直接影響選手的心理狀態。Duda（2013）結合自我決定理論與成就動機理論，提出了賦權與削權動機氣候，而教練所營造的團隊氛圍將會對選手的心理層面產生影響，其中可能包括選手心理安全和害怕失敗的，因此本研究將探討大專排球教練塑造的賦權與削權動機氣候、選手害怕失敗與心理安全之間的關係，並檢視心理安全在其中是否具有中介效果。研究對象為大專排球聯賽公開一級男、女子組隊伍之球員，共12隊，人數為198位，男選手107人，女選手91人。獲得參與者同意後，參與者填寫賦權與削權動機氣候量表、心理安全量表和害怕失敗量表。問卷資料收回後以描述性統計、皮爾森積差相關和多元階層迴歸及拔薛法進行統計分析。研究結果顯示：賦權動機氣候與心理安全呈現顯著正相關，與害怕失敗呈現無顯著相關；削權動機氣候與心理安全呈現顯著負相關，與害怕失敗呈現顯著正相關；心理安全與害怕失敗呈負相關。心理安全在賦權動機氣候與害怕失敗間沒有中介效果，心理安全在削權動機氣候與害怕失敗之間亦無中介效果。根據研究結果顯示，建議教練們多塑造賦權動機氣候，提高選手心理安全。再者，教練應減少塑造削權動機氣候以避免降低心理安全，並減低選手害怕失敗。In volleyball, the relationship between coaches and athletes significantly impacts the players' psychological states. Duda (2013) combined Self-Determination Theory and Achievement Goal Theory to propose empowering and disempowering motivational climates, where the coach’s influence on team atmosphere can affect athletes’ psychological safety and fear of failure. This study explores the relationships between college volleyball players’ perceptions of empowering and disempowering climates, psychological safety , and fear of failure, and whether psychological safety plays as a mediator. Participants were 198 volleyball players (107 male, 91 female) recruited from 12 Division I volleyball teams. After received the informed consent, they completed questionnaires including empowering and disempowering climates, fear of failure, and psychological safety. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and boots-trapping. The results showed that empowering climates were positively related to psychological safety but not fear of failure. Disempowering climates were negatively related to psychological safety and positively related to fear of failure. Psychological safety had no mediating effect on the relationship between empowering climates and fear of failure, nor between disempowering climates and fear of failure. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that coaches create more empowering climate in order to enhance players’ psychological safety. Furthermore, coaches should reduce the creation of a disempowering motivational climate to avoid undermining psychological safety and decreasing athletes' fear of failure.