桌球菁英男子單打得分表現分析

Abstract

桌球比賽表現分析近年來備受關注，自20世紀末提出的三段分析法，除已廣泛應用於表現評估，隨著時代的變遷，也出現了改進的建議。目的：探討以四段分析法和板次分析法評估近年菁英男子單打桌球比賽勝負方的得分表現結果。方法：以2021至2023年世界桌球錦標賽及WTT盃男子單打八強至決賽的35場比賽為研究對象，使用Simi Scout進行比賽標記，共計3177分。計算四段分析的得分率、使用率和得分效率以及板次分析的得分率、失分率和得分效果，除使用Wilcoxon符號檢定及Friedman檢定分別檢驗勝敗方及勝敗方各段落之間的差異外，以Spearman等級相關檢驗得分效率與得分效果之相關。結果：四段分析中，勝方在四個段落的得分率與得分效率皆顯著高於敗方；發球搶攻段的得分無論勝敗方都顯著高於其它段落。板次分析結果顯示第4至6板的得分率與失分率在勝敗方間有不同的趨勢，勝方的得分效果在於前三板保持正分並在第4至6板失分率有下降趨勢。四段分析的得分效率與板次分析的得分效果在相同單位下有高相關。結論：四段分析適用於評估選手的發球與接發球戰術表現與後續段落的得分情形，板次分析則提供了在各板之得失分表現，與簡單易用的得分效果計算方式，兩種方法因應選手需求使用，若同時取得並對照，可以有更完整的研究結果與推論。關鍵詞：比賽表現分析、四段分析、板次分析In recent years, match analysis in table tennis has garnered increasing attention, particularly the three-phase analysis evaluation method proposed in the late 20th century, which was widely used to assess performance. With the changing times, there have also been suggestions for improvements. Purpose: This study used a modified four-phase analysis and shot number analysis to evaluate the scoring performance of elite male table tennis players in recent years. Methods: The match sample included 35 matches from the quarterfinals to the World Table Tennis Championships finals and WTT Cup men's singles from 2021 to 2023, totaling 3177 points. Data were recorded using Simi Scout. The scoring rate, usage rate, and effectiveness were calculated for the four-phase analysis; the scoring rate, losing rate, and scoring effectiveness were calculated for the shot number-based analysis. In addition to the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Friedman's non-parametric test for examining the differences between winners and losers in each phase and the differences between the phases for winners and losers, the Spearman rank-order correlation was used to investigate the correlation between the rate of effectiveness and the scoring effectiveness. Results: In the four-phase analysis, the winners had significantly higher scoring rates and effectiveness across all phases than the losers. The scoring rate in the serve-attack phase was significantly higher than in other phases, regardless of the match outcome. Shot number analysis results indicated differing trends in scoring performance between winners and losers from the 4th to the 6th strokes. In terms of scoring effectiveness, key factors for victory included maintaining a good scoring performance in the first three strokes and reducing the losing rate from the 4th stroke onward. There was a significantly high correlation between the effectiveness rate and the scoring effectiveness. Conclusion: The four-phase analysis is suitable for evaluating players' serve attack and receive attack tactics and their subsequent scoring performance, while the shot number-based analysis provides the performance of each shot in terms of scoring and losing points, along with a simple and easy-to-use scoring efficiency calculation method. Both methods can be used according to players' needs. Acquiring and comparing both may provide more comprehensive research results and suggestions.

Keywords: Match Analysis, Four-Phase Evaluation Method, Shot Number-Based Analysis