大學生性別角色、性騷擾道德疏離與性別歧視態度之關係研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討大學生性別角色、性騷擾道德疏離與性別歧視態度之間的關係。研究目的包括：1.瞭解大學生在性別角色、性騷擾道德疏離與性別歧視態度上的現況。2.探討不同背景大學生在性別角色、性騷擾道德疏離與性別歧視態度上的差異。3.探討性別角色、性騷擾道德疏離與性別歧視態度之間的關係。研究對象為我國1088位大學生，採分層叢集抽樣方式施測「大學生性別角色、性別關係知覺與性別互動之調查問卷」。資料分析方法採用探索性因素分析、驗證性因素分析、描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、多元線性迴歸分析，以及中介與調節分析。研究結果顯示：1.大學生於正向性別角色特質得分普遍高於負向特質，性騷擾道德疏離則屬中低程度。2.男大學生在男性化特質、矛盾性別歧視態度與性騷擾道德疏離得分均高於女大學生，技職體系與第二類學群學生亦展現較高的性別歧視態度與道德疏離傾向。3.性別角色與性騷擾道德疏離、性別歧視態度間呈低至中度之正負相關，性騷擾道德疏離與性別歧視態度間則具中至高度正相關。4.性騷擾道德疏離對性別歧視態度具有高度解釋力。此外，性別角色中的負向男性化特質、正向女性化特質及學校體系（技職）等變項亦對性別歧視態度亦具有顯著影響。5.性騷擾道德疏離在男性化性別角色影響矛盾性別歧視態度的過程中具有中介作用，惟未達調節效果。

This study aimed to examine the relationships among college students' gender roles, moral disengagement in sexual harassment, and attitudes toward gender discrimination. The research objectives included: (1) To assess the current status of college students' gender roles, moral disengagement in sexual harassment, and attitudes toward gender discrimination; (2) To investigate the differences in gender roles, moral disengagement in sexual harassment, and attitudes toward gender discrimination among college students with different demographic characteristics; and (3) To explore the correlational relationships among gender roles, moral disengagement in sexual harassment, and attitudes toward gender discrimination.The research participants comprised 1,088 college students in Taiwan, recruited through stratified cluster sampling. Data were collected using the"Survey Questionnaire on College Students' Gender Roles, Gender Relationship Perceptions, and Gender Interactions." The data analysis methods employed included exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson product-moment correlation, multiple linear regression analysis, and mediation and moderation analyses. The research findings indicated: (1) College students scored higheron positive gender role traits than on negative traits, while moral disengagement in sexual harassment was at a low-to-moderate level. (2) Male college students scored significantly higher than female students on masculine traits (MAS+), ambivalent sexism attitudes, and moral disengagement in sexual harassment (MDiSH). Students from vocational and technical education systems and those in the second academic cluster also demonstrated higher levels of gender discrimination attitudes and moral disengagement tendencies. (3) Gender roles showed low-to-moderate positive and negative correlations with moral disengagement in sexual harassment and gender discrimination attitudes, while moral disengagement in sexual harassment exhibited moderate-to-high positive correlations with gender discrimination attitudes. (4) Moral disengagement in sexual harassment demonstrated high explanatory power for gender discrimination attitudes. Additionally, negative masculine traits (MAS−), positive feminine traits (FEM+), and school system type (vocational/technical) significantly influenced gender discrimination attitudes. (5) Moral disengagement in sexual harassment served as a mediator in the relationship between masculine gender roles and ambivalent sexism attitudes, although no moderating effect was observed.