探究大學生的正念特質與心理適應之關係：以同理心及社會連結為雙中介效果的檢驗

Abstract

有鑑於大學生的心理健康保護因子在近年逐漸受到重視，過去研究在心理健 康的研究上，在個人與人際層面，正念特質、同理心，社會連結皆為影響心理適 應的因子，故本研究旨在探討大學生的正念特質對於同理心、社會連結與心理適 應的影響。採立意取樣方式，以大學生為研究對象，問卷調查 500 名研究參與者 在正念特質、同理心、社會連結、心理適應的情形，統計方法採用多變量分析 （MANOVA）以了解主要變項在不同背景變項上的差異情形，並運用皮爾森績差 相關、逐步迴歸分析（（ stepwise regression）以了解變項間的兩兩相關性及預測力， 若符合中介條件分析者則進一步運用拔靴法（（bootstrapping）檢驗正念特質對於同 理心、心理適應，以及正念特質對於社會連結、心理適應的單中介效果，最後， 將有效的單中介效果保留，最後檢驗正念特質對於同理心、社會連結及心理適應 的雙中介效果。研究結果發現：1. 研究結果顯示不同背景變項的大學生在主要變 項上有顯著差異。2. 研究結果顯示大學生的正念特質與同理心、社會連結、心理 適應有顯著關聯性。3. 大學生的同理心在正念特質與心理適應之間有部分中介效 果。4. 大學生的社會連結在正念特質與心理適應之間有部分的中介效果。5. 大 學生的同理心、社會連結在正念特質與心理適應之間有部分雙中介效果。

Given the fact that mental health protective factors among college students have increasingly gained attention in recent year, and the numerous research identifying trait mindfulness, empathy, and social connectedness as significant factors influencing psychological adjustment at the individual and interpersonal relationship levels, this study aimed to explore the impact of college students’ trait mindfulness on empathy, social connection and psychological adjustment. A purposive sampling method was used to collect data from 500 college students in public and private universities in Taiwan. The questionnaires of measuring trait mindfulness, empathy, social connectedness, and psychological adjustment were administered by the participants. The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was employed to examine the differences between the main variables on different background variables. Pearson correlation and stepwise regression analysis were also conducted to investigate the pairwise correlation and predictive power among the variables. Additionally, mediation analysis with bootstrapping was used to examine the mediating effects of empathy and social connectedness on the relationship between trait mindfulness and psychological adjustment. The results revealed that there were significant differences in main variables among college students with different background variables. Second, college students’ trait mindfulness was significantly related to empathy, social connection, and psychological adjustment. Third, college students’ empathy had a partial mediating effect between trait mindfulness and psychological adjustment. Fourth, college students’ social connection had a partial mediating effect between trait mindfulness and psychological adjustment. Fifth, college students’ empathy and social connection had a partial dual mediating effect between trait mindfulness and psychological adjustment.