不同認知負荷的體操運動課程對兒童視覺空間工作記憶及前額葉氧合能力的影響：隨機對照試驗研究

Abstract

本研究旨在透過使用近紅外光譜技術，探討不同認知負荷的體操運動課程對兒童視覺空間工作記憶和前額葉氧合能力的影響。研究採用隨機對照試驗的平行研究設計。在台北地區招募了90名年齡介於7至10歲的健康兒童參與者，並隨機將他們分配到高認知負荷組、低認知負荷組和控制組。高認知負荷組和低認知負荷組將分別參與為期8週的體操運動介入，而控制組則進行為期8週的靜態課程介入。在介入前後，將對所有參與者進行視覺空間工作記憶的評估，同時使用近紅外光譜技術檢測前額葉血紅蛋白濃度的變化。研究結果顯示，相較於前測，高認知負荷組及低認知負荷組在後測顯著提高工作記憶的反應正確率及辨別能力，此外，在後測結果中，高認知負荷組在工作記憶的反應正確率及辨別能力顯著高於靜態控制組。然而，在帶氧血紅蛋白濃度方面，發現有顯著的情境主效果，但沒有發現顯著交互作用。事後分析發現高工作記憶負荷 (即，2-back情境) 誘發的帶氧血紅蛋白濃度顯著高於低工作記憶負荷 (即，0-back情境)。進一步的相關分析結果表明，反應正確率及辨別能力的提升與帶氧血紅蛋白濃度的增加呈現顯著正相關。這項研究結果意味著，體操運動課程能普遍性的促進工作記憶表現，且結合認知負荷能展現出更大程度的促進效果。然而，雖然前額葉氧合能力與工作記憶表現之間存在正向關聯性，但工作記憶表現的促進效果並不完全依賴前額葉氧合能力的益處。

This study employs functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate the effects of gymnastics exercise programs with different cognitive loads on children's visuospatial working memory and prefrontal cortex oxygenation. Ninety healthy children aged 7 to 10 from Taipei City were randomly assigned to high cognitive load (HG), low cognitive load (LG), and control (SC) groups. The HG and LG groups undergo an 8-week gymnastics intervention program combining different cognitive load levels. Pre- and post-intervention assessments include visuospatial working memory tests and monitoring of prefrontal cortex oxy-hemoglobin (HbO2) concentration. The studyresults showed significant post-intervention improvements in response accuracy and d-prime (d') for both HG and LG groups, with the HG group outperforming the LG group. Additionally, in the post-test, the HG group demonstrated significantly higher response accuracy and d' compared to the SC group. A main effect of conditions is observed in HbO2 concentration, with higher levels induced in high working memory load compared to low working memory load conditions. Further correlation analysis reveals a positive association between response accuracy, d' improvement and HbO2 concentration increase. These findings suggest that gymnastics programs with higher cognitive load can enhance working memory performance more efficiently. However, while a positive correlation exists between working memory performance and prefrontal cortex oxygenation, performance improvement is not solely dependent on prefrontal cortex oxygenation benefits.