林本源園邸的建築理念試探

Abstract

筆者對於林本源園邸的建築存在諸多疑問，例如宅邸的三落大厝與五落大厝為何各自朝向北方與南方這兩個完全不同的方向？又為何庭園內的建築缺乏整體性的配置等？對於這樣的疑問，本論嘗試從文學、思想的角度來討論。此即不僅是將林本源園邸整體作為鑑賞空間來理解，也作為思想性的空間來掌握，基於此提出與過去研究相異的見解。具體而言，本論使用日人建築家留下的調查報告書和林家聘請的教師呂世宜所留下的字畫，對於三落大厝與五落大厝的關係，本論探討五落大厝設立之初的狀況，再將三落、五落大厝合而觀之，論證這兩個建築物的配置關係如八卦圖。又庭園內的建築配置，明顯地呈現出北斗七星的形狀，再對照建築物的名稱與陰陽五行之關係，作為分析庭園建築概念的根據。如同上述那般，這樣的建築構想係遵循中國傳統思想中的天人相關思想，並以此為結論。

The author has numerous questions regarding the architecture of the Lin Family Mansion and Garden(林本源園邸). For example, why do its Three- Courtyard House( 三落大厝) and Five-Courtyard House( 五落大厝) respectively face north and south, two totally different directions? Why buildings in the garden lack integral allocation? With respect to these questions, the study intended to discuss them from the angles of literature and thought. The entire Lin Family Mansion and Garden was comprehended as the space of appreciation, and was grasped as the space of thought as well. Based on this, the author proposed his opinions which are different from researches in the past. Specifically, the study referred to the survey report left behind by its Japanese architect and Chinese calligraphy and paintings of Mr. Lu Shi- Tsuen(呂世宜), a teacher engaged by the Lin family. In respect to the relation between the Three-Courtyard House and the Five-Courtyard House, the study probed into the primary condition of the Five-Courtyard House, observed the two buildings, and proved that the allocation relation of the two buildings is like the Eight Diagrams. Additionally, the architectural allocation in the garden obviously presents the shape of Big Dipper. Moreover, the names of buildings in the Lin Family Mansion and Garden were compared with the doctrine of Yin-Yang and the Five Elements to serve as the basis of the architectural concepts of the garden. In conclusion, the study found that its architecturalconcepts follow ideology related to the nature and humans in traditional Chinese thought as what is mentioned above.