掙脫泥淖：毒品假釋更生人穩定就業之探究—個案與其重要他人之觀點

Abstract

品問題長期以來對臺灣的社會安全與公共衛生構成重大挑戰，儘管政府持續推動以治療與復歸為導向的反毒策略，但毒品犯罪者再犯率仍居高不下。穩定就業作為成功復歸的關鍵要素，但仍受到結構性與社會性的阻礙，儘管矯正機關已結合多方單位，提供職業訓練、出監後支持服務等多元處遇，實務上發現主動尋求這些資源的更生人比例仍偏低。因此，本研究旨在探究毒品假釋更生人出監後的穩定就業歷程，聚焦其面臨的挑戰、重要他人之支持作用以及正式資源使用低落之原因。研究方法係對三位毒品假釋更生人及其重要他人進行半結構式訪談，從結果發現，具重要他人支持者在謀職上較為積極且銜接較順利，然而就業穩定度仍可能受性別、年齡、健康、技能水準、經濟壓力以及良民證、社會接納等因素影響；而就業資源的條件門檻、冗長的申請程序、低誘因的職缺及職訓場地的距離等，可能是降低更生人使用的原因。穩定就業為復原的一環，政策除著重營造包容性的就業環境、提升職訓與轉銜資源的可近性與即時性，強化跨系統的整合協作外，如何強化個案的自我效能與心理韌性，以及兼顧重要他人（家庭）的支援與保護，亦是需重視的部分。唯有依據個案需求量身打造支持方案，方能協助毒品更生者穩定的復歸社會。Drug-related issues have long challenged Taiwan’s public safety and public health. Despite treatment- and reintegration-oriented anti-drug strategies, recidivism among drug offenders remains high. Stable employment is critical for reintegration but is hindered by structural and social barriers. Although correctional institutions offer vocational training and post-release support, few ex-offenders actively utilize these resources.This study explores the post-release employment trajectories of drug offenders on parole, focusing on challenges, the role of significant others, and low utilization of formal resources. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with three parolees and their significant others. Results indicate that support from significant others facilitates more proactive job seeking and smoother transitions, yet employment stability is affected by gender, age, health, skills, economic pressure, stigma, and administrative requirements such as the certificate of good conduct. Barriers to resource use include eligibility restrictions, lengthy procedures, low-incentive jobs, and inconvenient training locations.Policy efforts should enhance inclusive employment environments, improve accessibility and timeliness of training and transitional services, strengthen cross-system collaboration, and foster self-efficacy and resilience, while supporting significant others. Tailored support plans are essential to help drug offenders achieve stable reintegration.