探究臺灣大學生的氣候變遷知識、風險感知、自我效能及氣候行動之關聯性

Abstract

氣候變遷的環境問題已成為全球人類不可避免的挑戰，2015 年聯合國提出的永續發展目標 (SDGs) 將「氣候行動」列為目標之一，目前臺灣環境教育亦將氣候行動列為重點學習目標。然而近年世界經濟論壇發布的《全球風險報告》皆指出氣候變遷造成的風險不容小覷，揭示氣候變遷是個跨領域知識、跨地區問題且高度複雜的環境議題。面臨氣候危機，年輕族群將會承擔更多風險，他們該如何採取積極的氣候行動對於人類永續發展相當重要。另外，氣候變遷牽涉到知識理解的正確性和風險的不確定性，在如此高挑戰性的環境下，工作型態樣貌也朝著永續發展在改變。作為即將進入職場且未來將面臨更多氣候變遷風險的大學生，能否堅信自己有能力採取氣候行動，是本研究的目標。因此本研究將探討以下四項問題：（一）目前臺灣大學生的氣候變遷知識、風險感知、自我效能、氣候行動概況為何？（二）臺灣大學生的氣候變遷知識、風險感知、自我效能、氣候行動在背景變項（性別、地區與科系類別）是否有顯著差異？（三）臺灣大學生的氣候變遷知識、風險感知、自我效能是否對氣候行動有預測力？（四）臺灣大學生的氣候變遷知識和風險感知是否能透過自我效能預測氣候行動？本研究為相關性研究，選擇臺灣大專校院的大學生做為研究對象之母群體，依照就學地區及就讀學科領域的人數占比進行配額抽樣，搭配滾雪球方式發放問卷，最終收集了 423 份有效樣本數。本研究分析方法採用社會科學統計分析軟體 SPSS 23.0（Statistical Package for the Social Science, SPSS）和 Lisrel 9.3 作為統計工具，為確保題目的適切性，採用項目分析、內部一致信度、難度與鑑別度與探索性因素分析對預試問卷進行分析，接著使用描述性統計回答問題一、獨立樣本t檢定回答問題二、結構方程模型回答問題三與問題四。研究結果顯示：（一）在臺灣大學生中，自然科學組的學生在「氣候變遷知識、風險感知、自我效能及氣候行動」的得分皆顯著高於非自然科學組的學生。（二）臺灣大學生的「氣候變遷知識、風險感知與自我效能」皆能直接影響氣候行動，其中自我效能是所有變項中最能預測氣候行動的因素。（三）臺灣大學生的風險感知可以透過自我效能間接影響氣候行動，但氣候變遷知識無法透過自我效能間接影響氣候行動。最後本文依據研究結果提出未來研究以及教育實務方面的建議。The environmental challenges posed by climate change have become unavoidable global issues for humanity. In 2015, the United Nations proposed the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), listing"Climate Action" as one of the primary goals. In Taiwan, environmental education has also prioritized climate action as a key learning objective. However, the Global Risks Report published annually by the World Economic Forum has repeatedly highlighted the severe risks posed by climate change, underscoring its status as a cross-disciplinary, cross-regional, and highly complex environmental issue. Facing the climate crisis, younger generations are expected to bear greater risks, and how they takeproactive climate actions is crucial for the sustainable development of humanity. Moreover, climate change involves both accurate knowledge comprehension and the uncertainties associated with risks. In such a highly challenging context, the nature of work and professional practices is also evolving toward sustainable development. For university students who are about to enter the workforce and face increasing climate-related risks in the future, whether they firmly believe in their ability to take climate actions becomes a critical question. This research aims to address that issue.Specifically, this study explores the following four questions: 1. What are the current levels of Taiwanese university students' climate change knowledge, risk perception, self-efficacy, and climate actions? 2. Are there significant differences in these variables (climate change knowledge, risk perception, self-efficacy, and climate actions) based on students’ demographic backgrounds, such as gender, region, and field of study? 3. Do Taiwanese university students’ climate change knowledge, risk perception, and self-efficacy predict their climate actions? 4. Can Taiwanese university students’ climate change knowledge andrisk perception indirectly predict climate actions through self-efficacy?This study is a correlational study. The target population consists of university students from colleges and universities in Taiwan. Quota sampling was conducted based on the proportion of students in different academic disciplines and regions. Additionally, the snowball sampling method was employed for questionnaire distribution, resulting in a total of 423 valid responses. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 23.0 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) and LISREL 9.3. To ensure the appropriateness of the survey items, a pre-test was analyzed through item analysis, internal consistency reliability, difficulty and discrimination indices, and exploratory factor analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to address the first research question. Independent sample t-tests were employed to answer the second, and structural equation modeling was applied to address the third and fourth questions.The findings of this study revealed the following: 1. Among university students in Taiwan, students from science disciplines scored significantly higher than those from non-science disciplines in terms of climate change knowledge, risk perception, self-efficacy, and climate actions. 2. Climate change knowledge, risk perception, and self-efficacy directly influenced climate actions, with self-efficacy identified as the most significant predictor of climate actions among all variables. 3. Risk perception indirectly influenced climate actions through self-efficacy, but the study found that climate change knowledge did not indirectly influence climate actions through self-efficacy. Based on these findings, the study provides recommendations for future research and practical applications in education.