儲欣古文創作及文學批評研究

Abstract

本論文以儲欣（字同人，1631-1706）古文及其古文評點為研究對象，研究動機在期望能透過學科的跨界與融合，以期獲得更多元的研究成果。論文以儲欣《在陸草堂文集》及《唐宋十大家全集錄》為主要研究範疇，研究架構從作者、作品、讀者暨評論者三方面，從阿德勒個體心理學理論、文學批評理論與讀寫互動理論、文學傳播學視角，考察儲欣生平、古文與古文評點的讀寫表現，以及其文學地位與文學傳播的關聯性。研究進路，主要有三：首先，以阿德勒個體心理學理論為研究依據，從人生目標、家庭出生序、夢、社會情懷等向度作跨界研究，以考察儲欣生命風格。再者，以文學批評理論與讀寫互動理論為研究依據，先考察儲欣《在陸草堂文集》與《唐宋十大家全集錄》在古文觀與古文評點觀的一致性情況；接著從儲欣箴體、傳記體、贈序體、墓誌銘、辨體、說體切入，考察儲欣古文與唐宋古文家文章的讀寫互動關聯性。其次，以文學傳播學理論為研究依據，一則從布迪厄（Bourdieu）場域論和資本概念切入，探究儲欣在文學場的文學自覺階段及其變化、儲欣評點位階變化、文學聲望以及儲欣文人圈的傳播效應；另一方面從讀者接受理論切入，探究儲欣讀／寫／評之期待視野；最後，考察儲欣古文家、古文評點家成名之路與文學傳播的關係。論文在研究方法的跨界新視野基礎上，對儲欣生平、古文創作及古文評點之研究成果為：一、以阿德勒個體心理學理論為研究依據，從人生目標、家庭出生序、夢、社會情懷等向度，總結出儲欣生命風格為「和易勤毅」；二、儲欣文學批評理論與實踐之研究，從文道論、文統論、文氣論、文用論、文體論、評點論以及詩論與詩文創作、批評等面向進行考察，研究發現，儲欣文學批評理論與其古文創作、評點之間具有極高關聯性、一致性；三、儲欣讀寫互動能力，展現在精確辨體、靈活運用章法技巧以謀篇布局，並能消化吸收唐宋古文大家之寫作技巧與風格，進而在古文創作自成一家；四、從文學場域視角來看，儲欣時文與古文創作過程，歷經文學自覺、自主、成熟過程；再者，儲欣讀／寫／評之期待視野在能順應文學主流，並採取利舉業、治古文並行的評點策略；其次，儲欣藉由提升其評點位階，進而提升其古文家與古文評點家聲望；其次，儲欣之文人圈，為其重要的文學傳播者；最後，從布迪厄（Bourdieu）的資本概念可知，儲欣所憑藉之中度而穩定緩升的文化資本，以及持續上升的高象徵資本／社會資本，有利其文學聲望的提升、文學地位的鞏固以及文學傳播之擴展。This dissertation focuses on the classical prose works and prose commentaries of Chu Xin (style name: Tongren, 1631–1706). The research is motivated by a desire to achieve interdisciplinary integration, aiming for more diverse academic outcomes. The primary sources for this study are Chu Xin’s"Collected Works of Zailu Caotang" and "Complete Anthology of the Ten Great Prose Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties." The research framework addresses three major dimensions: author, text, and reader-commentator, incorporating perspectives from Adlerian Individual Psychology, literary criticism theories, reading-writing interaction theories, and literary communication studies. This approach investigates Chu Xin’s biography, prose writings, and critical annotations, along with their connections to literary status and dissemination. This study proceeds in three major directions. First, employing Adlerian Individual Psychology as the theoretical foundation, it explores Chu Xin’s life style through the lenses of life goals, birth order, dreams, and social interest. Second, drawing on literary criticism and reading-writing interaction theories, it analyzes the consistency of Chu Xin’s views on classical prose and prose commentary across the two aforementioned works. It also investigates his interaction with classical writers of the Tang and Song dynasties through various prose forms, including admonitory essays, biographies, commemorative writings, epitaphs, argumentative essays, and explanatory pieces. Third, from the perspective of literary communication studies, and informed by Bourdieu’s theories of field and capital, this study examines Chu Xin’s development of literary self-consciousness, shifts in his critical positioning, literary reputation, and the communicative effects within his literary circle. Additionally, by applying reception theory, it investigates Chu Xin’s horizon of expectations in reading, writing, and commentary. The final section explores the relationship between Chu Xin’s rise to fame as a classical prose writer and commentator, and the mechanisms of literary communication. Based on this interdisciplinary methodology, the main findings are as follows: (1) From the perspective of Adlerian theory, Chu Xin’s life style can be characterized as"harmonious, diligent, and resolute." (2) His literary critical theory and practice—spanning doctrinal lineage, stylistic vitality, practical application, genre theory, and commentary—are shown to be highly consistent with his own prose writing and annotations. (3) Chu Xin demonstrates strong reading-writing interactive capabilities, exhibiting mastery in genre identification, structural design, and the absorption of stylistic techniques from Tang and Song prose masters, thereby establishing a distinct personal style. (4) From the field theory perspective, Chu Xin’s development moved through stages of literary self-awareness, autonomy, and maturity. His strategy of combining examination essays with classical prose commentary reflects an alignment with mainstream literary trends. Furthermore, his rising critical status contributed to the enhancement of his reputation. His literary circle served as a key agent in the dissemination of his works. Finally, based on Bourdieu’s theory of capital, Chu Xin’s steady accumulation of cultural capital and increasing symbolic and social capital significantly contributed to the elevation of his literary reputation, consolidation of his literary status, and the expansion of his influence.