塔倫提諾電影中的暴力美學：以《惡棍特工》與《追殺比爾:首部曲》為例

Abstract

暴力美學這個抽象概念用於形容藝術作品，透過中文字義的傳達，此名詞時常被血腥打殺的拍攝畫面當作宣傳使用，形成一個結構符號。導演塔倫提諾（Quentin Tarantino）拍攝的電影以暴力美學著名，卻也因為暴力的演繹與大眾對於暴力美學的倫理認知飽受爭議。2008年，塔倫提諾的電影《惡棍特工》（Inglourious Basterds）以第二次世界大戰的歷史作為背景，在加入塔倫提諾虛構的故事以及對暴力呈現的技巧後，電影呈現了多元化的暴力風格，而歷史透過藝術的表達帶領觀眾從過去穿越至今，語言的表達箝制了人類對於事實的闡述以及紀錄，卻也開啟了觀眾以及製片人對於故事的各種幻想。本研究將作為探討塔倫提諾暴力呈現的依據，在電影《惡棍特工》中符號所串連的暴力型態，與先前在《追殺比爾：首部曲》影像暴力不同之處，並理解塔倫提諾的敘事如何啟發當代觀眾的思維，以學者洪席耶（Jacques Rancière）著作《感性配享，美學與政治》（Le partage du sensible: esthétique et politique）中提出的美學體制概念進行暴力美學中的美學理論探討，以及布希亞（Jean Baudrillard）在《擬像與仿真》（Simulacra and Simulation）提出的超真實（hyperreality）概念來對塔倫提諾的電影進行探討，最後以社會學者加爾通（Johan Vincent Galtung）所提出的衝突三角理論，分類暴力的類型以及可以呈現暴力的型態，解析塔倫提諾電影《惡棍特工》中暴力美學的境界。The concept of aesthetics of violence is used to describe artistic works, where the meaning of the term is conveyed through Chinese characters, and it is frequently associated with graphic depictions of bloody violence used for promotional purposes, forming a structural symbol. Quentin Tarantino's films are famous for their use of the aesthetic of violence, but they have also sparked controversy due to the portrayal of violence and the public's ethical perception of this concept. In 2008, Tarantino's film Inglourious Basterds used the historical backdrop of World War II, blending it with Tarantino's fictional storytelling and unique approach to depicting violence. This study will serve as a basis for exploring the representation of violence in Tarantino's films, focusing on the forms of violence symbolized in Inglourious Basterds, comparing it with the more graphic violence in Kill Bill: Volume 1, and analyzing how Tarantino's narrative inspires contemporary audience thought. The study will also explore aesthetic theories in the context of the aesthetic of violence, referencing Jacques Rancière’s concept of the "aesthetic regime" in his work The Politics of Aesthetics (Le partage du sensible: esthétique et politique), and Jean Baudrillard’s concept of "hyperreality" from Simulacra and Simulation to discuss Tarantino’s films. Finally, the study will utilize sociologist Johan Vincent Galtung’s "Conflict Triangle Theory" to classify types of violence and examine the forms of violence presented in Inglourious Basterds.