運用AI進行5W1H探究自然科學：探討學生的科學探究態度對其認知與情意變化及學習成效之相關

Abstract

隨著日新月異的科技發展，AI的普及，學校教育中也面臨著不同以往的影響，但在數位科技時代的衝擊下，對生活帶來的影響各有利弊。AI人工智能為學習帶來新的方式，但必須培養應對自然世界複雜性所必需的批判性思維和解決問題的能力，才能探究多層次的學習。本研究目的在以AI進行5W1H探究自然科學探討學生的科學探究態度對其認知與情意變化及學習成效之相關包含：學習興趣、頓悟經驗、心流體驗等變項，以探討國小與國中五、六、七年級學童使用5W1H 提問AI探究自然科學之影響與成效。研究方法使用準實驗研究設計(single group quasi-experimental study)，統計方法使用結構方程模式(structure equation modeling)。本研究結果顯示，學生在運用5W1H提問策略進行AI輔助的自然科學探究歷程中，其科學探究態度對學習歷程中之情意經驗具有正相關，能有效促進其頓悟經驗與心流體驗，進而提升學習興趣。學習興趣亦進一步對學習成效產生正相關。整體而言，學生在透過AI進行5W1H提問探究活動中，其科學探究態度與認知、情意變化及學習成效呈現正向關聯，顯示本教學模式具促進學習成效之潛力。

With the rapid advancement of technology and the increasing prevalence of artificial intelligence (AI), school education is undergoing unprecedented changes. While the AI age has brought both opportunities and challenges to daily life, it has also transformed learning approaches. AI offers innovative ways to support learning; however, it is essential to cultivate problem-solving skills to cope with the complexity of the AI world and to foster deeper levels of learning.The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of using AI-assisted 5W1H to scaffold students on questioning in natural science on their cognitive and affective processes, particularlyfocusing on five variables: scientific inquiry attitude, learning interest, Aha experience, flow experience, and learning effectiveness. The study investigates how the use of 5W1H questioning with AI tools influences the learning performance of fifth- and sixth-grade students. This research adopts a single-group quasi-experimental design, and data analysis is conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of this study show that students’ scientific inquiry attitudes positively influence their emotional engagement during AI-assisted 5W1H inquiry-based learning. This includes enhancing their epiphany experiences and flow, which foster greater interest in learning. In turn, learning interest contributes to improved learning outcomes. Overall, the findings highlight the potential of using AI and the 5W1H strategy to promote cognitive, emotional, and learning gains.