倫敦西區音樂劇觀光—景點建構與旅遊實踐

Abstract

倫敦西區（West End）位於倫敦市中心以西、泰晤士河以北，自十六世紀起劇院林立，是英國表演藝術的發源地和世界戲劇中心，音樂劇四大名劇貓（Cats）、悲慘世界（Les Misérables）、歌劇魅影（The Phantom of the Opera）和西貢小姐（Miss Saigon）皆在西區劇院進行首演。區域內劇院每年演出超過一萬八千場音樂、舞蹈和戲劇等不同類型的表演，以音樂劇演出為多數，吸引全球一千五百萬名觀眾前往朝聖，利用文化藝術結合周邊觀光消費，成為倫敦著名文化觀光景點。因此本研究將從表演藝術觀光化的過程及觀光客的旅遊實踐兩面向進行分析，探究倫敦西區音樂劇觀光中的文化創意價值和未來可能發展。本文以文本分析和論述分析法首先爬梳歷史文獻，探討倫敦西區音樂劇場演出的起源與發展，並使用景點建構與觀光凝視理論分析音樂劇觀光形塑的成因；再藉由田野觀察法由文化消費角度檢視倫敦西區區域創意氛圍和空間集聚之現象；最後，透過質性訪談法了解不同文化與社會資本背景的觀光客期待的旅遊體驗和實踐方式。Located west of London's city centre and north of the River Thames, the West End has been home to theatres since the 16th century and is the birthplace of the British performing arts and a world centre for theatre, with the premieres of the four great musicals Cats, Les Misérables, The Phantom of the Opera and Miss Saigon. Every year, the theatres in the region stage more than 18,000 performances of music, dance and drama, mostly musicals, which attracts 15 million pilgrims from all over the world. The combination ofarts and culture with the consumption of the surrounding area has made the theatres a renowned cultural attraction in London. Therefore, this study will analyze the process of performing arts tourism and the tourism practices of tourists to explore the value of cultural creativity and the possible future development of musical theatre tourism in West End of London. In this thesis, textual and discursive analyses are used to explore the origins and development of musical theatre performances in West End, and analyze the causes of musical theatre tourism using the theories of destination making and tourism gaze; then examine the phenomena of creative atmosphere and spatial cluster in West End from the perspective of cultural consumption by means of field observation. Also, using qualitative interviews to understand the tourism experiences desired by tourists from different cultural and social capital backgrounds.