追憶阿卡迪亞: 尚-巴蒂斯特・卡密爾・柯洛的風景畫

Abstract

尚-巴蒂斯特・卡密爾・柯洛（Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot，1796–1875) 以其抒情風景畫而聞名。柯洛在多幅的風景畫中描繪了平靜與和諧的場景，使人聯想起古羅馬詩人維吉爾 (Virgil，70–19 BC) 對阿卡迪亞理想世界的描繪。對此，與柯洛同時代的藝評家泰奧菲爾・哥提耶 (Théophile Gautier，1811–1872) 也經常將其作品與維吉爾進行比較。有鑑於此，本文將闡明柯洛如何在他的風景畫中體現阿卡迪亞的思想。針對該議題，本文首先聚焦在柯洛作品《阿卡迪亞的牧羊人》，將其與阿卡迪亞傳統形象相關的繪畫進行圖像分析。接著在第二章，透過柯洛本身對阿卡迪亞思想的理解，以及當時社會背景對他的影響，進一步釐清柯洛大量創作阿卡迪亞意象風景畫的原因。最後，在第三章，筆者將從更廣的視角來理解柯洛的阿卡迪亞思想，分析這位藝術家如何跳脫傳統的先入之見，在風景畫中創造屬於他個人的阿卡迪亞意境。經過上述分析，本文旨在闡明如何識別柯洛的阿卡迪亞風景畫作，並說明他在阿卡迪亞思想的詮釋上，與其他藝術家的區別。透過重新審視柯洛的阿卡迪亞風景畫，我們獲得了新的解讀視角，他的風景畫不僅體現了他個人的理想世界，也反映了他人的烏托邦。Known for his lyrical landscape paintings, the French artist Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot (1796–1875) made a specialty of depicting calm and harmonious scenes that are seen as ideal retreats, recalling the Arcadian imaginary. Théophile Gautier (1811–1872), the art critic of the time, often compared Corot’s landscape paintings to the ancient Roman poet Virgil (70–19 BC). The aim of this thesis is therefore to clarify the relationship existing between Corot’s art and the Arcadian imaginary by analyzing the visual and textual evidence that contributed to this association.To tackle this issue, the current thesis will conduct an iconographic investigation by first analyzing in detail Corot's paintings that are connected to the traditional images of Arcadia, in particular his Shepherds of Arcadia (Fig. 1). Next, we will explore the reasons behind the artist’s creation of numerous Arcadian landscape paintings, focusing on Corot’s own understanding of Arcadia and the social background of the time. Finally, we will examine how Corot breaks with tradition and buildshis own Arcadian vision in his landscape paintings and see how the embodiment of Arcadia has been (re)articulated in various disguises. This paper seeks to clarify how to identify Corot's Arcadian landscape paintings and how his interpretation in this respect distinguishes Corot among artists. By reconsidering Corot’s Arcadian landscapes, we gain a new interpretive perspective; that is, his landscapes both depict his own ideal world and the utopias of others.