家長網路介入對青少年問題手機使用行為的影響：探討基本心理需求滿足的中介作用

Abstract

根據數位發展部2023年的調查，全臺青少年的上網率達100%，其中97.2%透過手機上網。手機與網路雖然為青少年帶來便利，但也可能對其造成負面影響。家長的網路介入被視為保護青少年免受不良影響的重要因素，同時，滿足青少年的基本心理需求也是促進其健康發展的關鍵。本研究旨在探討家長對青少年手機使用的介入方式及其影響，並檢驗這些策略是否透過基本心理需求滿足間接影響青少年的問題手機使用行為。研究採用臺灣傳播資料庫（TCS）2020年第二期第四次的資料，涵蓋12至17歲青少年。研究變項包括家長網路介入策略（限制管控程度與引導支持程度）、青少年基本心理需求滿足（自主性、勝任感、歸屬感）與問題手機使用行為。使用Hayes的PROCESS Macro（Model 4）進行中介分析，並控制週末手機使用時間、性別及年齡（國中或高中職）等影響因素。結果顯示，引導支持介入對降低問題手機使用行為具有顯著的直接與間接影響，且。引導支持介入能正向影響青少年的基本心理需求滿足，尤其在提升勝任感上具有顯著作用，並進一步降低了問題手機使用的可能性。反之，限制管控介入對問題手機使用行為的直接影響、對青少年的基本心理需求滿足影響也不顯著，但其間接影響透過心理需求滿足呈現複雜的效果。家長的限制管控負向影響青少年的自主性與勝任感，可能因過度限制而降低了青少年的自我掌控感與能力感；然而其對歸屬感有正向影響，可能因青少年感受到來自家長的關心與保護，但卻導致更高的問題手機使用行為的機率。綜合以上，本研究認為家長網路介入會影響青少年基本心理需求滿足與手機使用行為有，同時也發現基本心理需求滿足在兩者間的中介作用。研究建議，家長應提供支持性且能滿足青少年勝任感的家庭環境，並搭配合理的限制措施以減少青少年的問題手機使用行為。未來政策應強化家長的數位素養，協助其在數位時代中更有效地支持青少年健康發展。According to the 2023 survey conducted by the Ministry of Digital Affairs, the internet penetration rate among Taiwanese adolescents reached 100%, with 97.2% accessing the internet via mobile phones. While smartphones and the internet bring convenience to adolescents, they may also pose negative impacts. Parental mediation of internet use is regarded as a critical protective factor against such adverse effects, and satisfying adolescents' basic psychological needs is also key to fostering their healthy development. This study aims to explore parental intervention strategies in adolescents’ problematic smartphone use and their effects, as well as examine whether these strategies indirectly influence problematic smartphone use through basic psychological needs satisfaction. The study utilized data from the 2020 Taiwan Communication Survey (TCS), Phase II, Wave IV, focusing on adolescents aged 12–17. Variables include parental mediation strategies (restrictive and supportive), adolescents’ basic psychological needs satisfaction (autonomy, competence, and relatedness), and problematic smartphone use. Mediation analysis was conducted using Hayes' PROCESS Macro (Model 4), controlling for potential confounding factors such as weekend smartphone usage, gender, and educational stage (junior high school or vocational/high school). The results indicate that guidance and support interventions have both significant direct and indirect effects in reducing problematic mobile phone use. These interventions positively influence adolescents' basic psychological need satisfaction, particularly in enhancing their sense of competence, which further reduces the likelihood of problematic mobile phone use. In contrast, restrictive control interventions show no significant direct effect on problematic mobile phone use or on adolescents' basic psychological need satisfaction. Overall, this study suggests that parental internet intervention influences adolescents' basic psychological need satisfaction and mobile phone use behaviors, while also identifying the mediating role of psychological need satisfaction between the two. It is recommended that parents provide a supportive family environment that fosters adolescents' sense of competence while implementing reasonable restrictions to mitigate problematic mobile phone use. Future policies should enhance parental digital literacy to help them more effectively support adolescent development in the digital age.