故事性地形特徵圖於印尼崩塌災害風險溝通的設計、 評估與未來發展

Abstract

氣候變遷導致的崩塌災害威脅日益加劇，亟需有效的風險溝通工具來吸引更廣泛的社群參與並支持災害風險管理。所幸隨著製圖技術的進步，比以往更容易製作大比例尺的地形特徵圖，而有助於增強人們對崩塌災害和風險的空間覺察，並促進符合當地的減災策略。然而地形特徵圖的複雜性，常限制非地學專家使用這類地圖的可能性，因此，本研究提出一組向非專家使用者傳達山崩風險的創新工具—「視覺化之以故事為本的地形特徵圖」(Visual Story-Based Geomorphological Map，VSGM，簡稱故事性地形特徵圖)，並以印尼松賓火山地景 (Sumbing volcanic landscape) 為案例，探討「故事性地形特徵圖」在增進空間覺察和自主減災行動中的潛力。「故事性地形特徵圖」包含一張衍生的地形特徵圖、一冊漫畫和一份使用說明，旨在傳達地形特徵圖在降低災害風險所能扮演的重要角色——從提升使用者對在地之崩塌災害和風險的空間覺察，到增強使用者能力而提出對具體情境的減災策略。本研究探討四個核心問題：VSGM 是如何設計的？根據地圖可用性(usability)其製圖品質如何？VSGM對使用者識覺的影響程度為何？以及VSGM未來發展的策略為何？本研究採質性研究方法進行分析，包括︰採用共同產製地圖的取徑 (co-production approach) ；以半結構式訪談八位受訪者，評估地圖的可用性和使用者識覺；採用 SWOT 分析，提出 VSGM未來發展的建議。在VSGM開發過程中採用共同產製的取徑有兩個關鍵意義：一是使地圖目標與使用者需求一致，以提高資訊溝通成效；二是整合專業人士和使用者的回饋意見，以產出經過可讀性測試的高品質地圖設計。可用性評估顯示，VSGM 的製圖品質良好，其友善的使用者引導設計可讓讀圖者輕鬆理解該地圖的用途。雖然多數受訪者認為 VSGM 需要花時間學習，但他們有高度意願使用和分享此地圖，則反映了VSGM的實用性和其所激發的正向感受。對於未來 VSGM 的使用，建議包括探索具資訊價值的地理視覺化技術、增強視覺故事元素、支援數位地圖格式，以及擴大合作夥伴關係以確保資源支持。本研究的主要貢獻為改善大比例尺地形特徵圖對非專家的實用性，透過漫畫和使用說明等這類基於故事敘述的媒介整合，而能做更有效的崩塌災害風險溝通。相對於崩塌分區圖等傳統地圖的簡化表現形式，「故事性地形特徵圖」可傳遞詳細的科學資料，使非專家能在減災行動中充分利用地形特徵圖。此外，本研究也強調設計風險溝通地圖的重要性，不僅限於單向的資訊傳遞，還能積極吸引和鼓勵使用者應對在地真實地點的挑戰，讓使用者對地圖高度認可其實用性、引發正向感受並確保未來持續使用。最後，本研究的創新方法展現的可行性，可提供各領域科學家們參考，將自己專業製圖的成果讓更廣泛的非專家使用者更易於理解而更具有影響力。The increasing threat of landslide hazards due to climate change highlights the critical need for effective risk communication tools to engage wider communities and support disaster risk management. Meanwhile, advances in mapping technology have enabled the creation of large-scale geomorphological maps that enhance spatial awareness of landslide hazards and risks, facilitating site-specific mitigation strategies. However, these maps remain predominantly accessible to geoscience experts due to their complexity, limiting their usability among non-experts. To bridge this gap, this study introduces the Visual Story-Based Geomorphological Map (VSGM), an innovative tool designed to communicate landslide risks to non-expert users. Using the Sumbing volcanic landscape in Indonesia as a case study, this research explores the potential of the VSGM to enhance spatial awareness and encourage proactive disaster risk reduction (DRR) actions.The VSGM consists of a derivative geomorphological map, a comic, and an instruction sheet, all designed to communicate the essential roles of geomorphological maps in disaster risk reduction—from fostering the local spatial awareness of landslide hazards and risks to empowering users in designing context-specific mitigation strategies. This study investigates four central questions: How was the VSGM designed? How does its cartographic quality base on map usability? To what extent does the VSGM shape user perceptions? And what strategies should guide its future development? These questions are addressed through qualitative methods, including a co-production approach to map creation, semi-structured interviews with eight respondents to assess usability and user perceptions, and a SWOT analysis to provide recommendations for advancing the VSGM.The co-production approach in VSGM development serves two critical roles: aligning map objectives with user needs for heightened communication efficacy and integrating feedback from professionals and users for a high-quality, readability-tested design. Usability evaluations show that the VSGM offers satisfactory cartographic quality, with user-friendly navigation enabling users to readily discern its purposes. Although most respondents found the VSGM challenging to master, their high willingness to use and share it underscores its perceived usefulness and the positive emotions it inspires. Recommended strategies for future VSGM utilization include exploring informative geovisualization techniques, enhancing visual storytelling elements, supporting digital map formats, and expanding partnerships to secure necessary resources.This research contributes to improving the utilization of large-scale geomorphological maps for more effective landslide risk communication among non-experts. By integrating storytelling-based media, such as comics and instructional sheets, it moves beyond the traditional oversimplification of maps into landslide zoning maps, which often omit critical information. Instead, this approach facilitates the communication of detailed scientific data, enabling non-experts to fully harness the benefits of geomorphological maps for disaster risk reduction (DRR). In addition, this study also underscores the importance of designing risk communication maps that move beyond one-way information delivery to actively engaging and motivating users to address site-specific challenges, thereby offering high perceived usefulness, eliciting positive emotions, and ensuring sustained future use. Eventually, this innovative approach presents significant potential for adoption by scientists seeking to make their specialized maps more accessible and impactful for broader, non-expert audiences.