高中國文行書教學設計──以臨寫〈蘭亭集序〉為例

Abstract

文字的使用情形，可略分為規範字與應用字，以今日而言，楷書即是屬於規範體，而行、草字因為方便書寫且具有美感，故歸類於書寫應用體。在學習字體的進程裡，往往以規範字入手，後延伸至應用字體，縱使時代改變，手書不再是紀錄的唯一方式，然書寫仍具必要性，所以行、草書體依然是學習的一環，依照課綱安排，於高中階段應深入鑑賞各體書法，因應此規範而以行書教學設計展開本論文。行書乃是經由文字工具簡便化的過程，演變為介於楷書與草書之書體。其實用性廣泛，包含尺牘書信、抄寫筆記、手稿等，文人極高的使用頻率，也因此產生諸多行書名作流傳於世，在文人知識培養過程中佔有一席之地。〈蘭亭集序〉作為行書學習典範的原因，比如文字表現優美、內容表述精彩、篇幅長度適中，使其成為文人習書之重要法帖，也是今日推行行書教學的參考關鍵。論文中特以此帖設計行書課程，聚焦於臨寫〈蘭亭集序〉，透過運筆的概念，剖析行書基本筆形、轉折、連帶等書寫情形，再觀察至結構的布局，欣賞行書豐富的字樣，期望學子能藉由課程，瞭解行書的基本內容以及美感表現，並從課程的練習實作中，增進手書應用體的能力，書寫出流利而美觀的文字。Semi-cursive script (xíngshū) emerged as a simplified evolution of Chinese script forms, developing into a style that bridges the formality of regular script (kǎishū) and the fluidity of cursive script (cǎoshū). Owing to its practicality, xíngshū has been widely employed in personal correspondence, transcriptions, and manuscripts. Its frequent use by literati has led to the creation and preservation of numerous masterpieces, solidifying its role in the intellectual and artistic cultivation of traditional scholars. Among these works, the Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Gathering (Lántíng Xù) stands as a quintessential model for studying semi-cursive script. Its aesthetic calligraphic expression, eloquent content, and moderate length contribute to its status as an essential reference in both historical calligraphy practice and contemporary pedagogical applications.This study develops a xíngshū instructional curriculum centered on the practice of Lántíng Xù. The course emphasizes brush movement and focuses on analyzing the fundamental stroke forms, transitions, and structural connections characteristic of semi-cursive writing. Furthermore, students are guided in observing compositional layouts and appreciating the stylistic variety inherent in xíngshū. Through this instructional approach, the curriculum aims to cultivate students' understanding of the foundational principles and aesthetic qualities of semi-cursive script, while enhancing their ability to produce handwritten texts with fluency and elegance.